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48 14 00
Photovoltaic
System
48 14 00
Photovoltaic
System
(continued)
48 14 00
Photovoltaic
System
(continued)
|
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 GENERAL
A.
All DC conductors shall be sized such that there
is a maximum of 1% voltage drop measured at the short circuit current rating
of that circuit over the entire length of each circuit from PV module to
inverter and back to PV module. All AC conductors shall be sized for a
maximum of 1% voltage drop measured at the continuous AC current rating of
the inverter between the inverter and the point of interconnection with the
grid.
B.
Each series string of PV modules shall be
independently protected by an isolation fuse or breaker before it is
connected in parallel with the other string on that PV output circuit. The
current rating of this isolation fuse or breaker shall be less than the
de-rated ampacity of the wiring that it is protecting and greater than 1.56
times the short circuit current rating of the PV modules in that PV source
circuit. All other conductors and overcurrent devices shall be sized per the
requirements of National Electric Code (NEC) Article 690-8.
C.
An isolation transformer shall be part of the
offered system for interfacing to the building's electrical system.
D.
Photovoltaic modules shall be tested in the
factory for design performance and results shall be included in the Operation
and Maintenance manuals.
E.
Inverters shall be factory tested for performance
and results shall be included in the 0 & M manuals.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01 PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS
A. PV modules shall be IEEE 1262 compliant and listed
to UL Standard 1703.
1. Edit
below as required
1. Corrosive Atmosphere resistance (Salt
Spray): UL 1703.
2. Impact Resistance: Safely withstand 2”
diameter steel sphere dropped 51 inches, UL 1703.
3. Mechanical Loading: 45 lb/ft2 ,
30 minutes, UL 1703.
4. Humidity: -40 Deg. C to 85 Deg. C, 85%RH 10
cycles, UL1703.
C. The PV modules shall have the following electrical
characteristics as a minimum standard at Standard Test Conditions (STC).
1. Rated Power Output (Pr): >165 Watts
2. Module Efficiency: >13.3%
2.02 BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTIAC (BIPV)
A. Roof System, Curtain Walls, Glazing, Awning and
Shading integrated Photovoltiac:
1.
Curtain Walls and Glazing systems: per
Division 08 specification.
2. Awning and Shading systems per Division 10
specifications.
3. Roofing system per Division 07
specifications.
4.
Photovoltiac
cells to be used shall be Thin film transparent amorphous Cells:
a.
Efficiency:
10 watts per square foot minimum.
b. Cell Type: Copper Indium Gallium Selenide
(CIGS) technology.
2.03 DC/AC INVERTER
A. All inverters shall be CEC approved and shall be
utility interactive type.
B. The inverter(s) shall have the following physical
properties as a minimum.
1. AC Current Distortion (At rated power)
<5% THD
2. Power Tracking Window Range 330 to 600 VDC.
3. Maximum Ripple Current (% of rated current)
<5%.
4. Peak Inverter Efficiency >95%.
5. Standby Tare Losses <30 watts.
6. Temperature Range Ambient -40 F to 122 Deg.
F (-200 Deg. C to 500 Deg. C).
7. Cooling Method: Forced convection cooling.
8. Protective Functions:
a. Standard wakeup voltage.
b. Wakeup time delay.
c. Shut down power.
d. Shut down time delay.
e. AC over / under voltage and time delays.
f. AC over / under frequency and time delays.
g. Ground over current.
h. Over-temperature.
i. AC and DC over current.
j. DC over voltage.
9. User Display: Standard-LCD, four-line,
twenty characters, with i. on/off toggle switch.
10. Communications Software: Serial
communications and control software
C. All inverters shall be IEEE 929 compliant, listed
to UL Standard 1741.
D. The inverter(s) shall automatically drop-off-line
when normal utility power is lost to avoid un- intentional islanding effects.
Drop-off to be activated by over-voltage (110%) and under- voltage (88%), and
shall be adjustable. Frequency drifts outside 59.3 to 60.5 Hz for more than
10 cycles shall also activate automatic drop-off. Automatic reconnection
shall not occur until the normal utility power has been stable for at least
60 seconds.
E. The system shall be capable of operating between a
power factor of 0.9 lagging to 0.9 leading.
2.04 MONITORING
A. A Data Acquisition and Monitoring System (DAS)
shall be provided as part of the System to allow the owner to monitor and
utilize the collected data for educational purposes over the school network.
The system shall allow measurement, calculation, and display of:
1. Ambient temperature.
2. Wind speed.
3. Solar irradiation.
4. System electrical functions (instantaneous
and accumulated power output (KW and KWH), AC and DC system voltage and
amperage, and peak value tracking with associated time stamps).
5. Pounds of CO2 emissions avoided from the
generation of PV energy at the site.
B. The DAS shall include a data logger, modem for
data retrieval, and all parts and sensors to accurately measure the above
specified data points.
2.05 INSTALLATION
A. All PV modules to be installed such that
they are 100% free from shade between 8am and 5pm daily.
PART 3 – EXECUTION (NOT USED)
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EA 1, EA 2
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48 15 00
Wind
Turbine
48 15 00
Wind
Turbine
(continued)
48 15 00
Wind
Turbine
(continued)
48 15 00
Wind
Turbine
(continued)
|
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 GENERAL
A.
The system shall consist of single or multiple
wind turbine components, all mounting hardware, terminal boxes, utility
interactive inverter, AC disconnects, all related AC feeders, main and a complete data acquisition and
monitoring system to allow the owner to monitor and utilize the collected
data.
B.
All DC conductors shall be sized such that there
is a maximum of 1% voltage drop measured at the short circuit current rating
of that circuit over the entire length of each circuit from PV module to
inverter and back to PV module. All AC conductors shall be sized for a
maximum of 1% voltage drop measured at the continuous AC current rating of
the inverter between the inverter and the point of interconnection with the
grid.
C.
An isolation transformer shall be part of the
offered system for interfacing to the building's electrical system.
D. Acceptable system manufacturers/vendors shall have
been in the business of producing and/or installing similar commercial grade
wind turbine systems for the last 5 years minimum. Manufacturers shall
provide their latest line of equipment, meeting all current industry
standards
E. Wind Turbine components shall be tested in the
factory for design performance and results shall be included in the Operation
and Maintenance manuals.
F. Inverters shall be factory tested for performance
and results shall be included in the 0 & M manuals.
1.02 WARRANTY
A.
The Contractor shall provide a minimum of a full
five-year warranty against breakdown or degradation of electrical output. The
warranty must cover all of the components of the wind turbine generating
system against breakdown or degradation in electrical output of more than 10%
of their originally rated electrical output. The warranty shall cover the
full parts and labor cost of repair or replacement of defective components or
systems for a period of five years from the date of acceptance by the owner.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01 WIND TURBINE
A. Types
1. Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
2. Helical Wind Turbines
3. Parapet Wind Turbine
B. Retain
above for nonproprietary or below for semiproprietary specification. Refer to Division 01 Section
"Product Requirements."
C. The Wind Turbine shall be IEEE 1547 compliant,
listed to UL Standard 1741 and CEC certified.
D. Generator.
1. Torque characteristics shall be sufficient to
satisfactorily accelerate the driven loads.
2. Direct drive, low speed, permanent magnet
generator (PMG) with external rotor.
3. Generator to match turbine parameters (nominal
rotational speed, nominal torque, assembly requirements
4. Fail-safe electromechanical brake with status
feedback (energized in order to be released) and will engage in case of power
loss.
5. Winding insulation shall be NEMA Class F or Class
H.
6. Service Factor:
1.15 for poly-phase motors and 1.35 for single phase generators.
7. Generator Construction: NEMA Standard MG 1, general purpose,
continuous duty, Design "B", except "C" where required
for high starting torque.
a.
Frames: NEMA Standard No. 48 or 56; use driven
equipment manufacturer's standards to suit specific application.
b. Bearings:
1)
Ball
or roller bearings with inner and outer shaft seals.
2) Re-greasable, except permanently sealed
where generator is normally inaccessible for regular maintenance.
3) For fractional horsepower, light duty
motors, sleeve type bearings are permitted.
4) Enclosure Type:
a)
Open
drip‑proof motors for indoor use where satisfactorily housed or
remotely located during operation.
b)
Weather
protected Type I for outdoor use, Type II where not housed.
c. Overload Protection: Built‑in thermal overload protection
where external overload protection is not provided and, where indicated,
internal sensing device suitable for signaling and stopping motor at starter.
d. Noise Rating: "Quiet.”
e. Efficiency:
1)
Generator
shall meet the NEMA premium efficiency standard
f. Nameplate:
Indicate the full identification of manufacturer, ratings,
characteristics, construction, special features and similar information.
2.02 DC/AC INVERTER
A. All inverters shall be CEC
approved and shall be utility interactive type.
B. The inverter shall have the following physical
properties as a minimum.
1. AC Current Distortion (At rated power)
<5% THD
1.
2. Power Tracking Window Range 330 to 600 VDC.
3. Maximum Ripple Current (% of rated current)
<5%.
4. Peak Inverter Efficiency >95%.
5. Standby Tare Losses <30 watts.
6. Temperature Range Ambient -40 F to 122 Deg.
F (‑200 Deg. C to 500 Deg. C).
7. Cooling Method: Forced convection cooling.
8. Protective Functions:
a. Standard wakeup voltage.
b. Wakeup time delay.
c. Shut down power.
d. Shut down time delay.
e. AC over / under voltage and time delays.
f. AC over / under frequency and time delays.
g. Ground over current.
h. Over-temperature.
i. AC and DC over current.
j. DC over voltage.
9. User Display: Standard-LCD, four-line,
twenty characters, with i. on/off toggle switch.
10. Communications Software: Serial
communications and control software
C. All inverters shall be IEEE 929 compliant, listed
to UL Standard 1741, and inspected by the utility company before
commissioning, testing, and operation of the system.
D. Inverters shall be designed for permanent magnet
generator control.
E. The inverter shall automatically drop-off-line
when normal utility power is lost to avoid un- intentional islanding effects.
Drop-off to be activated by over-voltage (110%) and under- voltage (88%), and
shall be adjustable. Frequency drifts outside 59.3 to 60.5 Hz for more
than 10 cycles shall also activate automatic drop-off. Automatic reconnection
shall not occur until the normal utility power has been stable for at
least 60 seconds.
F. All electrical system equipment shall be properly
rated to withstand and interrupt (in the case of over current protection
devices) the available fault current at the point of use.
G. The system shall be capable of operating between a
power factor of 0.9 lagging to 0.9 leading.
2.03 MONITORING
A. A Data Acquisition and Monitoring System (DAS)
shall be provided as part of the System to allow the owner to monitor and
utilize the collected data for educational purposes over the school network.
The system shall allow measurement, calculation, and display the following:
1. Ambient temperature.
2. Wind speed at the turbine.
3. System electrical functions (instantaneous
and accumulated power output (KW and KWH), AC and DC system voltage and
amperage, and peak value tracking with associated time stamps).
4. Turbine’s speed in RPM
B. The DAS shall include a data logger, modem for
data retrieval, and all parts and sensors to accurately measure the above
specified data points.
PART 3 – EXECUTION (NOT USED)
|
EA 1, EA 2
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